Cultivos
 
Gerbera Cultivos
  Pests in gerbera
 
General
Aphid
Leafminer
Caterpillars
Spider mite
Thrips
Whitefly
General remarks on the biological control in gerbera
 
Before using the advised selective chemicals, check if they are registered for this crop in your country.
Before introducing beneficials, the greenhouse and plants should be free of harmful pesticide residues.
Yellow and/or blue sticky traps can be used preventively for the detection of flying insects.
Dusting pesticides affects the parasitic waps Encarsia formosa and beneficials adversely.
In case of doubt about the side effects of any pesticide, consult the Biobest list of "Side effects of Pesticides on Beneficial Organisms", or contact Biobest or its dealer.

In case of summer plantations, be careful for thrips in the young crop.

 
Biological control of thrips
 
(western flower thrips - Frankliniella occidentalis)
(onion thrips - Thrips tabaci)

 
  Amblyseius-Breeding-System (A.B.S.) (predatory mite Amblyseius cucumeris in breeder bags)
 
Hang up yellow and/or blue sticky traps for detection of thrips (1 sticky trap/500 m2).
Introduce 2.500 breeder bags/ha (200 Amblyseius/breeder bag) (at least 500.000 A. cucumeris/ha in total).
Repeat every 4 weeks, depending on the infestation.
Introduce in "hot spots" 1 breeder bag/m² or sprinkle 100 Amblyseius cucumeris/m² per week.
  Orius-System (predatory bug - Orius spp.)
 
Start introducing when more than 10 thrips are spotted on the sticky cards.
Introduce 1-5 Orius/m² per week in and around "hot spots" until the thrips population is reduced and a sufficient number of Orius nymphs can be spotted.
Leave 1 flower (of inferior quality) /10 m² for the introduction of pollen, so that Orius can multiply in it.
Scouting takes place by tapping the flowers and checking how many thrips and Orius are present.
Biological control of whitefly
 
(greenhouse whitefly - Trialeurodes vaporariorum)
(sweet potato whitefly - Bemisia tabaci)

  Encarsia-System (parasitic wasp - Encarsia formosa)
 
Available as sprinkling material and on cards.
Hang up yellow sticky cards for detection of whiteflies (1 sticky card/500 m²).
Preventively: introduce 1,5 Encarsia formosa/m² per week.
Curatively: introduce 3 Encarsia formosa/m² per week until 80% of the whiteflies are parasitized.
Introduce 5-10 Encarsia/m² per week in "hot spots" until a balance is reached.
  Eretmocerus-System (parasitic wasp - Eretmocerus eremicus)
 
If sweet potato whitefly is present, Eretmocerus eremicus can be a support to Encarsia formosa.
Introduce 3 x 1 Eretmocerus/m² in April.
Biological control of spider mites
 
(two-spotted spider mite - Tetranychus urticae)

  Pre Phytoseiulus-System (P.P.S.) (predatory mite - Phytoseiulus persimilis)
 
P.P.S. is a preventive system that is already in balance.
Introduce 1 Phytoseiulus + 20 red spider mites/m² at every new plantation (from week 12 on).
Introduce locally 20 Phytoseiulus/m² in developing "hot spots".
  Phytoseiulus-System (predatory mite - Phytoseiulus persimilis)
 
Introduce at least 6 Phytoseiulus/m² when the first red spider mites are spotted. The amount to be introduced depends on the infestation level. In and around "hot spots" at least 20 pcs/m².
Spread well in the crop.
  Feltiella-System (gall midge - Feltiella acarisuga)
 
Introduce 250 Feltiella acarisuga/"hot spot" per week for 3-4 weeks.
Corrections: Fenbutatin oxide (Torque), Hexythiazox (Nissorun, César, Trevi), Clofentezin (Apollo).
Biological control of aphids
 
(cotton aphid - Aphis gossypii)
(green peach aphid - Myzus persicae)
(potato aphid - Macrosiphum euphorbiae)
(glasshouse potato aphid - Aulacorthum solani)

  Aphidius-System (predatory wasp - Aphidius colemani)
 
For control of cotton aphid and green peach aphid.
Introduce preventively 0,1 Aphidius colemani/m² per week.
After detection of the first aphids: introduce at least 0,5 Aphidius colemani/m² per week for at least 3 weeks and until a sufficient number of aphids is parasitized.
Sprinkle Aphidius colemani in the supplied hangers (ca. 25 hangers/ha).
Leave flowers that are severely attacked in the greenhouse so that Aphidius colemani can multiply on them.
  Ervi-System / Aphelinus-System (parasitic wasps - Aphidius ervi and Aphelinus abdominalis)
 
Introduce Aphidius ervi/Aphelinus abdominalis when Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid) or Aulacorthum solani (glasshouse potato aphid) are spotted.
Introduce 2 Aphidius ervi/Aphelinus abdominalis/m² in and around "hot spots".


  Aphidoletes-System (gall midge - Aphidoletes aphidimyza)
 
Introduce 5-10 Aphidoletes/m² per week in and around "hot spots" for at least 3 weeks.
Spread Aphidoletes aphidimyza on a moist substrate.
  Adalia-System (ladybird - Adalia bipunctata)
 
Introduce 50-100 larvae of Adalia bipunctata /m² in "hot spots".
Corrections: Pirimicarb (Pirimor, ZZ-Aphox, Rapid,...), Imidacloprid (Confidor, Admire) (drip irrigation).
Biological control of leafminer
 
(Liriomyza spp.)

  Dacnusa-System / Diglyphus-System (parasitic wasps - Dacnusa sibirica and Diglyphus isaea)
 
Hang up (horizontally) yellow sticky cards to catch the first leafminers (1 sticky plate/500 m²).

When spotting the first mines:

  • at lower temperatures: introduce at least 0,2 Dacnusa sibirica/Diglyphus isaea (90%-10%) per m² per week for at least 3 weeks.
  • at higher temperatures (or when the attack gets worse): introduce at least 0,1 Diglyphus/m² per week for at least 3 weeks or until a sufficient number of leafminers is parasitized.
Corrections: Cyromazine (Trigard)


Biological control of caterpillars
  Pheromone traps (Sexual attractants in traps)
 
Hang up 2 catch lamps/ha above the path.

Hang up pheromone traps: turkey moth, beet army worm, tomato moth and tortrix moth.

  • at least 2 traps/species per ha.
  • replace the pheromone capsules in time (every 4 weeks). .
  Scutello® WP (Bacillus thuringiensis)
 
Attention! Does not work against caterpillars of the beet army worm.
 

 

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